Sumit Enterprises

A plane table with a tripod stand is a surveying instrument used for creating maps and charts directly in the field. It consists of a drawing board mounted on a tripod, allowing the surveyor to level and orient the board horizontally. The alidade, a ruler-like instrument with sighting vanes, is used to draw lines on a sheet of paper attached to the board, representing the direction of surveyed objects. 

A cross-staff is a navigational and astronomical instrument used to measure angles, particularly the altitude of celestial bodies or the angle between two objects. It consists of a staff with a sliding crosspiece, allowing users to sight along the staff and adjust the crosspiece until it aligns with the target objects. This enables the determination of latitude, distance, or the height of objects

A ranging rod, also known as a ranging pole or picket, is a surveying instrument used to mark positions and enable sightings during surveys. It helps in aligning straight lines and marking survey points. Initially, these were made of bamboo or wood, but are now commonly made of fiberglass, metal, or wood. They are typically 2-3 meters long and 30mm in diameter, painted with alternating colors like red and white or black and white. Longer rods, 4-6 meters, are called ranging poles, and offset rods are used for measuring small offsets, without a flag at the top.